What is total knee replacement surgery?

Total knee replacement, also called total knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which damaged surfaces of the knee joint are removed and replaced with artificial components.

It is most commonly performed when advanced arthritis causes persistent pain, stiffness, reduced mobility, and difficulty performing everyday activities despite appropriate non-surgical treatment.

What happens during total knee replacement?

During surgery, the surgeon generally:

• Removes damaged cartilage and a small amount of underlying bone from the lower end of the thigh bone
• Prepares the upper surface of the shin bone
• Positions artificial components over the prepared bone surfaces
• Places a specialised plastic insert between the components to allow smoother movement
• Assesses alignment, stability, and movement before completing the operation

The kneecap may also be treated depending on the individual case and surgical plan.

When is total knee replacement considered?

It may be considered when:

• Arthritis affects multiple compartments of the knee
• Pain significantly limits walking
• Stairs become difficult
• Pain occurs even at rest or at night
• Knee stiffness affects daily activities
• Medicines and physiotherapy no longer provide adequate relief
• Significant deformity has developed

Total knee replacement should generally be considered after appropriate non-surgical options have been assessed rather than simply because arthritis appears on an X-ray.

Dr. Atul Mishra evaluates the extent of knee damage, symptoms, ligament condition, alignment, mobility, general health, and previous treatment before deciding whether total knee replacement is appropriate.