What tests are needed before knee surgery?

Before knee surgery, several tests may be required to confirm the knee problem and make sure the patient is medically fit for the planned operation. The exact tests depend on the type of surgery, age, medical history, and existing health conditions.

For the knee itself, X-rays are commonly used to evaluate arthritis, bone alignment, fractures, and joint damage. An MRI may be required for ligament, meniscus, cartilage, or other soft-tissue injuries, although it is not necessary before every knee replacement. Before major surgery such as knee replacement, patients commonly undergo blood tests and a general medical assessment. An ECG may be required to check the heart, particularly for older patients or those with relevant medical conditions. Some patients may need a chest X-ray, cardiac investigations, or specialist clearance depending on their health history.

The anaesthesia team also reviews medicines, allergies, previous anaesthesia problems, diabetes, blood pressure, and other conditions. Dr. Atul Mishra and the surgical team decide which tests are necessary based on the planned procedure and the individual patient rather than ordering exactly the same tests for everyone.